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The Legal Services Authorities Act,1987 (LSA Act) refers to two types of Lok Adalats: the first is a Lok Adalat constituted under Section 19 of the Act which has no adjudicatory functions or powers and which discharges purely conciliatory functions and the second is a Permanent Lok Adalat established under section 22B(1) of LSA Act to exercise jurisdiction in respect of public utility services, having both conciliatory and adjudicatory functions.

The Appointing Authority need not initiate disciplinary proceedings against a civil servant. The appointing authority need not always required to initiate disciplinary proceedings against a state employee, says the Supreme Court (SC) in The State of Jharkhand & Others v Rukma Kesh Mishra [2025 INSC 412].

Litigants should be allowed to seek early disposal of their cases only in exceptional cases where justifiable and genuine reasons are made out before the appropriate court, says the High Court of Kerala in Prema Joy v John Britto.

The objections regarding an employee's appointment cannot be raised post-retirement, if no such objections were made during the employee's service period, says Jharkhand High Court, in Phul Chandra Thakur v The State of Jharkhand through the Secretary, Higher Education, Human Resources Development Department, Government of Jharkhand & Another.