Lawwatch : Legal Resources for Learners

On Providing Oral Evidence Relating to Documents

By K Rajasekharan 18 February 2024Evidence law

Two kinds of evidence can be produced before a court : they are all statements which the court permits and all documents including electronic records produced before the court for its inspection. Normally oral evidence cannot be provided to prove contents of documents but in specified situations oral evidence can be given in proving contents of documents.

Suit for Declaration without Recovery not Maintainable

By K Rajasekharan 16 February 2024Civil law, Property & Succession

A suit for declaration of title without seeking recovery of possession is not maintainable when the plaintiff is not in possession of the property, under Section 34 of the Specific Relief Act of 1963.

A Woman can file a Case against a Female under DV Act

By K Rajasekharan 14 February 2024Criminal law, Family, Marriage & Divorce

A complaint, under the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005 (DV Act), can be filed by an aggrieved woman, who has been in domestic relationship with her and the case can be against a female member of the family as well.

On Writing a Judgement: A Simple Model for Learning

By K Rajasekharan 8 February 2024Articles

A Judgment is a reasoned pronouncement by a judge on one or more disputed legal questions involved in a case between opposing parties who argued before him with facts and evidence. A good judgment requires a good hearing by the parties on various aspects of the disputed issues.

Uniform Civil Code (UCC): Its Need & Purpose

By K Rajasekharan 7 February 2024Articles, Family, Marriage & Divorce

The Uniform Civil Code (UCC) is a constitutional objective outlined in Article 44, the implementation of which has been long-delayed. Its primary purpose is to remedy the discrimination against women that exists within various personal laws.

Returning a Complaint as it was filed by Wife is Illegal

By K Rajasekharan 6 February 2024Criminal law

Returning a criminal complaint filed by the wife of an accident victim, on the sole ground that it was filed by the wife and not by the actual victim, is illegal, says the Kerala High Court (HC) in Smitha w/o Thankachan v State of Kerala.

Investigation not Vitiated when Informant becomes IO

By K Rajasekharan 6 February 2024Criminal law

Investigation conducted by the informant / police officer, who is the complainant, is not vitiated because of the sole reason that the informant is the investigator, says the Supreme court (SC) in Mukesh Singh v State (Narcotic Branch of Delhi) .

Court can Compare Signatures in Cheque & with Bank

By K Rajasekharan 30 January 2024Negotiable Instruments

In a cheque case under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act (NI Act), if the accused disputes the signature on the cheque, then the court can summon certified copies of the specimen signature, which is admissible under Bankers’ Book of Evidence Act, 1891, from the bank to compare it with the signature appearing on the cheque under Section 73 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1882 (IEA), says the Supreme Court (SC) in Ajitsinh Chehuji Rathod v State of Gujarat and another.

What does the term Month in Statutes Mean?

By K Rajasekharan 30 January 2024Negotiable Instruments

In Rameshchandra Ambalal Joshi v State of Gujarat & Anr, the Supreme Court of India (SC) discusses how to calculate the word month appears in legal provisions. As per Section 3 (35) of the General Clauses Act, the word month has been defined and it “shall mean a month reckoned according to the British calendar”.

Judgements in Electronic Form : Digital SCR

By K Rajasekharan 28 January 2024Articles

The Supreme Court has brought out the Digital Supreme Court Reports. It is a digital version of the official law report of the judgements of the Supreme Court of India. It presents judgments in a digital, open-access format which is useful for the law students, lawyers, and the wider public.

Names of the Accused & Victim not to be Disclosed

By K Rajasekharan 26 January 2024Criminal law

The names and addresses of the victim and the accused should not be printed or published in relation to the inquiry or trial of rape or any offence under Section 376, 376A, 376C, 376D or 376E of Indian Penal Code (IPC) without the previous permission of the court, says the High Court of Kerala in Saleel Raveendran v Union of India.

President Gives Assent to three Criminal Law Bills

By K Rajasekharan 25 January 2024Criminal law

President gives assent to the following three criminal law bills on 25th December 2023.. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 which proposes to replace the Indian Penal Code (IPC), The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023 which proposes to replace the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), and The Bharatiya Sakshya Sanhita 2023 which seeks to replace the Indian Evidence Act.