Criminal law

A customer, who comes for engaging in sex in a brothel which is functioning in a notified as prohibited area, can be proceeded criminally and punished under Section 7 of the Immortal Traffic (prevention) Act, 1956 (IT Act), says Kerala High Court in Mathew v State of Kerala [ 2022(7) KHC 515].

A criminal court, suo motu or by application of a party, can inspect a place where crime has occurred during the course of trial, enquiry or other proceedings under Section 310 of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC).

The conclusive test to prove whether a person consumed alcohol or not is the Alco Meter Test or Blood Analysis Test. The evidence of smell of alcohol present in breath is not a conclusive proof, says Kerala High Court in Biju @ Gopi v State.

No FIR shall be registered in respect of any serious or petty offence committed by juveniles, states the High Court of Kerala in Don Biju Mathew v Sub Inspector of Police, Kuravilangadu and Another.

A Full Bench of the Madras High Court, in Arul Daniel & Others v/s Suganya & Others, held that proceedings under Section 12 of the Domestic Violence Act (DV Act) can be challenged in the High Court only under Article 227 of the Constitution. Such proceedings cannot be challenged by invoking the court's power under Section 482 Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC).

The police officer has wide powers for making arrest without warrant when a reasonable complaint or credible information reaches him, but it should be exercised cautiously. The police officer must have sufficient materials for exercising independent judgement at the time of making arrest. Police Officer has enough discretion in making arrest without warrant. That must be exercised not at his sweet will, but when there is reasonably founded suspicion as to commission of a cognizable offence.

Watching the pornographic content, except child rape or child pornography or violence against women, in a private space is not at all illegal in India. But sharing and distribution of such content/material is illegal. However, watching the pornographic content such as child rape, child pornography, or violence against women, in a private space itself is a criminal offence.

The Article 20(3) of the Constitution of India protects an individual from giving testimonial evidence against himself. But despite such a safeguard an accused cannot escape from giving his blood sample during the investigation of a criminal case on the basis of that protection, the Kerala High Court in Das @ Anu v. State of Kerala ruled.

Even if custodial interrogation is not required by the prosecution, then that would not be a sound reason to grant anticipatory bail. The need for custodial interrogation is a relevant aspect to be considered in anticipatory bail petitions. But that is not the only ground that the courts need to consider while deciding any application for anticipatory bail. In many cases, custodial interrogation of the accused may not be required at all. But that does not mean that the accused might be granted anticipatory bail.

To prove the age of the victim the following three methods are genrally resorted to: the matriculation or equivalent certificates, if available; and in the absence whereof; the date of birth certificate from the school (other than a play school) first attended; and in the absence whereof; the birth certificate given by a corporation or a municipal authority or a panchayat;

A victim has the right to engage an advocate in the criminal proceedings she is involved in, under the law. The legal provision that empowers her to engage an advocate of his choice to assist the prosecution of criminal case, with due permission of the court is the proviso to Section 24 (8) of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC).

The SC held that if a student is simply reprimanded by a teacher for an act of indiscipline and bringing the continued act of indiscipline to the notice of the principal of the institution who conveyed the matter to the parents and if the student who is very emotional or sentimental commits suicide, the teacher cannot be held liable for suicide.